The kiln process of Jian Zhan teacups is an intricate and meticulous one. The creation begins with the selection of high-quality clay, rich in iron content. The clay is meticulously shaped in to teacups and dried to a leather-hard stage.
Then, they are subjected to a bisque firing, which hardens the clay enough for handling. The real magic happens during the high-temperature firing in a wood-fired kiln, known as the “Dragon Kiln” due to its elongated shape. The firing process reaches temperatures between 1300-1400°C, allowing for the formation of the signature glazes.
Mineralization plays a crucial role in the unique aesthetic of Jian Zhan tea cups. The cups are coated with natural glazes rich in iron oxides. During firing, these oxides interact with the high temperatures and the ash from the wood fire, creating distinctive patterns and textures on the surface. The mineral content in the clay and glaze results in various glaze effects, such as the “Hare’s Fur,” “Oil Spot,” and “Silver Rabbit Fur” glazes, each characterized by unique patterns and colors.
The firing process also induces a phenomenon known as "kiln transmutation," where the placement in the kiln, temperature fluctuations, and the presence of minerals cause variations in the final appearance of each cup. This randomness means no two Jian Zhan cups are ever exactly alike, adding to their allure and collectability.
Jian Zhan tea cups are not just functional items but also pieces of art and history, embodying the sophisticated tea culture of the Song Dynasty and the skilled craftsmanship of ancient Chinese potters. Today, they are highly prized by collectors and tea enthusiasts worldwide for their beauty, uniqueness, and historical significance.